Lasiodiplodia theobromae in citrus fruit diplodia stemend rot. Stemend rot of fruits and dieback of branches in mango mangifera indica l. The volatile metabolites from the headspace gas of containerised mango. In the initial stage, the epicarp darkens around the base fo the pedicel. Low cost, high impact solutions for improving the quality. Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango mangifera. Pdf mango stemend rot botryosphaeria dothidea disease. It can be important, especially when anthracnose, the most important postharvest problem on fruit, is well controlled. Postharvest losses aggravate in pakistan because 99% mango fruit is harvested manually which causes physical damage, sap burns injuries, and bruising. However, they are susceptible to the development of resistance and must be used sparingly. Next to anthracnose, stemend rot is considered a major problem limiting the storage and shelf life of mango fruits. Mango dieback and gummosis in sindh, pakistan caused by.
Scab infections in mango nurseries can be very severe and the presence of numerous lesions can causenew shoots to defoliate. Stemend rots are some common mango tree diseases that are found in mango farming business. Application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage tripathi, pramila. Blight diseases in mangoes nsw department of primary. The stemend rot of mango fruits caused by diplodianata lensis pole evans in transit and storage is a serious problem which has received relatively limited attention in this country. This stage contains ascocarps, or sacsfruiting bodies, which contain the sexually produced inoculating ascospores. The most stemend rot was observed in levubu 38,57% followed by tzaneen 28,53%, nelspruit 19,36% and louis trichardt 17,%. Diplodia natalensis symptoms the dark epicarp around the base of the pedicel. Stem end rot of fruits and dieback of branches in mango mangifera indica l. The volatile metabolites from the headspace gas of containerised mango mangifera indica cv. If mango seed weevil, bacterial black spot, stem end rot or red banded caterpillar are detected during a department export inspection australian mango exports to korea work plan date published current version number document owner page number 20012017 4. Mango postharvest disease incidence was found in range of 4090%, 1686. During storage and ripening, mango fruit develop stemend rots ser that reduce quality, causing significant losses of harvested fruit.
Market survey of stemend rot and anthracnose on fuerte. Developing stages of stemend rot in mangoes ntdpi a lot of the early mangoes from the territory which have been heading to market this year. Diplodia natalensisdiplodia natalensis symptomssymptoms the dark epicarp around the base of the pedicelthe dark epicarp around the base of the pedicel in the initial stage the affected area enlarges toin the initial stage the affected area enlarges to form a circular, black patchform a circular, black patch under. Stemend rot is a disease of importance in harvested fruit which reduces consumer acceptability. Stem end rot of mango in fruit from arid areas, stem end rot may be a more serious post harvest disease than anthracnose in mangoes. Postharvest management of mango for quality and safety. Each pest included has a brief description of its lifecycle, damage it causes, and the control measures. We evaluated the ability of fungicides to eradicate latent anthracnose infections and to protect young mango fruit from new infections in laboratory and field experiments in thailand. One of the most wellknown diseases caused by ceratocystis paradoxa is black rot or stem end rot of pineapple, but it can also infect tropical fruit plants such as banana and coconuts as well as sugarcane. Pre harvest disease incidence was lied in the range of 0100%, 80100%, 40100%, 0100% for blossom blight, anthracnose, mango malformation and twig blight respectively. It is characterized as the teleomorph or sexual reproduction stage of infection. Soft brown rot develops during prolonged cold storage in south africa.
Since mangoes transported to the wholesale market were still unripe, disease symptoms that usually start to appear in ripening fruits were not yet apparent. The long stem assures that the internal latex, or juice, does not leak. Table 1 lists the major mango fruit, flower and leaf, stem, and root diseases described in the literature. In the initial stage the affected area enlarges to form a circular, black patch. Lastly, stobilurins are effective against anthracnose and several other post. The stem end rot can be minimized by preharvest spray of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 0. Root and stem samples were cut into 1to2cm pieces, surface sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min and placed in sterilized petri plates containing either potato sucrose agar psa or two layers of moistened blotter paper and incubated at 30c with 12h alternating periods of light and darkness. Horticulturae free fulltext fruit stemend rot html mdpi.
Flies and bees act as the pollinators for the flowers. Pdf first report of botrytis cinerea causing stem end. Stem end rot is the predominant fungal disease in pakistan, requiring systematic study. Work plan australian mango exports to the republic of korea. Stem end rot is a wellestablished postharvest disease of mango caused by the fungi. The objectives of the present study were to identify morphologically and phylogenetically different strains of fungi isolated from fruits with stemend rot and branches with dieback of the cultivars ataulfo, kent and tommy atkins, of five producing states of. Mangos uc davis western institute for food safety and. Jan 01, 2009 application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage tripathi, pramila. Diplodia natalensis poleevans is a destructive disease. Stem end rot is a disease of importance in harvested fruit which reduces consumer acceptability. In general, the stem ends of affected fruit appear dark brown and watersoaked, and the affected areas may extend internally well into the fruit. In general, the stemends of affected fruit appear dark brown and watersoaked, and the affected areas may extend internally well into the fruit. Current status of mango pre and postharvest diseases with. Postharvest management of mango for quality and safety assurance.
Effect of preharvest potassium treatment on stemend rot. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango. Oct 05, 2012 developing stages of stem end rot in mangoes ntdpi a lot of the early mangoes from the territory which have been heading to market this year, have unfortunately been suffering from a disease. Volatile metabolite profiling to detect and discriminate. The fruit are stored stem end down on racks to further prevent latex from dripping on other fruit. Next to anthracnose, stem end rot is considered a major problem limiting the storage and shelf life of mango fruits. Gina swart biological pre and postharvest disease control strategies depend on successful colonisation and survival of the introduced antagonists on the infection court. Nov 30, 2016 we evaluated the ability of fungicides to eradicate latent anthracnose infections and to protect young mango fruit from new infections in laboratory and field experiments in thailand. Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem end rot of. Those reported from hawaii are identified with an asterisk. Colletotrichum orbiculare the fungus produces sunken spots on the rind of fruit, that are often black because of the production of spores image 1.
Reduction of anthracnose on ripened mango fruits by. Ceratocystis paradoxa or black rot of pineapple is a plant pathogen that is a fungus part of the phylum ascomycota. Characterization of fungal pathogens that cause stemend rot in mango fruit. Application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem. Postharvest handling of mango many slides from adel kader and marita cantwell, ucd, and jeff brecht, uf there are 100s of mango varieties climacteric fruit skin color dark green to light green in some cultivars red color is not related to maturity or ripeness fruit shape fullness of cheeks shape of shoulders. Srivastava with one figure introduction stem end rot of ripe mango fruits mangifera indica l. Stemend rot stemend rot is usually a postharvest disease of mango fruit. The present study investigated if retention of latex at harvest enhances fruit resistance and reduces anthracnose and the stemend rot ser development during ripening. Application of copper sulphate 500 g t 1 in soil around the tree trunk is also found effective in reducing gummosis. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between flowering and harvest article pdf available in annals of applied biology 1193. In storage, symptoms initially appeared as light to dark brown lesions surrounding peduncles. This study was focused on pathological characterization of predominant postharvest diseases such as stem end rot of mango mangifera indica caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae, and evaluation of biocontrol activity by different. Stem end rot majorly contributes in postharvest losses of mango during storage conditions.
Srivastava with one figure introduction stemend rot of ripe mango fruits mangifera indica l. Symptoms may not be visible at harvest, or they might be slight image 2, but decay may develop further in transit or at the market. The stem end rot of mango fruits caused by diplodianata lensis pole evans in transit and storage is a serious problem which has received relatively limited attention in this country. Trunk splitting further reading a reexamination of mango decline in florida, university of florida trec pdf 5 pages mineral treatment for mango decline, archives of the rare fruit council. Stem end rot and alga spot a wide range of tropical fruits including avocado and banana are plagued by fungal stem end rots and mango is no exception. Sooty molds capnodium citri capnodium mangiferae capnodium ramosum meliola spp. This study was focused on pathological characterization of predominant postharvest diseases such as stem end rot of mango mangifera indica caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae, and evaluation of biocontrol activity by.
The objectives of the present study were to identify morphologically and phylogenetically different strains of fungi isolated from fruits with stem end rot and branches with dieback of the cultivars ataulfo, kent and tommy atkins, of five producing states of. Under humid atmosphere extends rapidly and turns the whole fruit completely black within two or three days. Postharvest management of mango for quality and safety assurance guidance for horticultural supply chain stakeholders written by. Stem end rot of mango presented by muhammad afaq khalid muhammad nawaz shareef university of agriculture multan 2. Anthracnose is a latent infection and symptoms of the disease become apparent only as the.
During and after fruit ripening, the pathogen grows rapidly through the peel and into the pulp of fruits. Learn mango tree diseases treatment for the effective management of your mango farm. Two widely cultivated mango fruit varieties white chounsa and sindhri were collected from two major mango growing areas of punjab and sindh provinces of pakistan. Pdf infection and quiescence in mango stem end rot. In 1995, a total of 1 634 fruit were evaluated for anthracnose and stemend rot. Pdf mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between. The journal publishes papers that describe translational and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management in agricultural and horticultural crops. Plant disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. Infections occur on the tree at weak spots around the fruit stalk attachment where moisture accumulates and persists, but the wet rot symptoms generally appear during the postharvest period. Case in the philippines involving four 4 mango processors and export corporations in manila observed that there is still a 10% occurrence of.
Small anthracnose spots can be confused with pimples disease. Rot symptoms advanced slowly but eventually penetrated the mesocarp, which consequently reduced the. Reduction of anthracnose on ripened mango fruits by chemicals. Stem end rot is an economically important postharvest disease complex of mango fruit that has caused significant loses. Peterson and others published chemical control of stem end rot in mango find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Fungi associated to stemend rot and dieback of mango. Mango farming process, production guide, profit and tips 2018. Tips on how to prevent stemend rot and other nasty mango. Case in the philippines involving four 4 mango processors and export corporations in manila observed that there is still a. Volatile metabolite profiling to detect and discriminate stem. During 2006 and 2007, a stemend rot disease was observed one week after harvest on 28 to 36% of stored mangoes picked from six orchards in the pingtung, tainan, and kaoshiung regions of taiwan. Moreover, mango latex has a direct digestive effect on the main stem end rot pathogen, b.
Stem end rot diplododia netalensis are the major post harvest diseases of mango fruits, which cause black spots on fruits skin during ripening and storage. The pathogen infects the fruits through wounds or other openings after harvest has already happened and the fruit is fresh. Hot benomyl followed by prochloraz provided effective control of stem end rot caused by d. Mango creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation science. Prior to that, aragaki published two papers on the chemical control of mango anthracnose in 1958 2 and 1960 3. Fruit should be harvested with stalk 5 cm, if not, the opening must be sealed with wax. Tommy atkins fruits, surface wounded and inoculated with the two fungal anamorphic pathogens colletotrichum gloeosporioides and lasiodiplodia theobromae, or non. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango production 8 pesticide action network pan germany how to use this field guide this field guide is designed to make the control of mango pests as easy as possible.
Postharvest handling of mango many slides from adel kader and marita cantwell, ucd, and jeff brecht, uf there are 100s of mango varieties climacteric fruit. Techniques that could detect these pathogens in plants would be useful to identify pathogenfree propagation materials. Pdf microbiome alterations are correlated with occurrence of. Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem. Curculionidae coleoptera mango seed weevil africa,asia seed hill,d. In contrast to anthracnose, the scab lesions do not expand after harvest, nor develop into a rot. During and after fruit ripening, the pathogen grows rapidly through the. Oct 29, 2014 the present study investigated if retention of latex at harvest enhances fruit resistance and reduces anthracnose and the stem end rot ser development during ripening. Stemend rot is a major problem in india and puerto rico from infection by physalospora rhodina diplodia natalensis. They grow at the end of a long stem which was the panicle flower stem. As trees in australian plantations become older, the losses from stem end rot will increase.
However, severely scarred fruit will show postharvest anthracnose rot earlier than nonscarred fruit. Stem end rot stem end rot is usually a postharvest disease of mango fruit. First report of mango mangifera indica stemend rot caused by. Stem end rots are some common mango tree diseases that are found in mango farming business. Stemend rot diplododia netalensis are the major post harvest diseases of mango fruits, which cause black spots on fruits skin during ripening and storage. Once the tree is alive for about a season to half a year, the mango fruit will ripen. It accounts for about 27 per cent of the harvesting loss verghese et al. Lasiodiplodia theobromae in citrus fruit diplodia stem. First report of stemend rot of mango caused by phomopsis. Latex was retained by harvesting fruit with a portion approximately 1 cm of pedicel while in the controls, latex was drained off by removing the pedicel.
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